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Stringed instrument

Stringed instrument(with the stringed musical instrument) is the general term of the musical instrument which assumes the vibration of the string which is provided by giving a string some kind of stimulation a sound. I possess a device filling with string and it for the tension to get the vibration of the string and have a device I let a provided sound sympathize in many cases, and to enlarge a sound. I call it in the musical instrument taxonomy. A string vibrates, and a sound is provided when I give a string stimulation I play the string or rub a string with bowstring or by swatting a string. By how to give stimulation, I can classify it in stringed musical instrument, rubbed string instrument, But do not always fix these how to play every musical instrument, and there is how to play called the pizzicato, for example, play the string like a stringed musical instrument in the musical instrument of the violin family that is a rubbed string instrument, and to start a sound (when use the contrabass by popular music, the one is rather common), and swat a string to the koto which is a stringed musical instrument, and start a sound; hit it, and there is how to play called the nail. In addition, it is compounded, and there is the percussive effect, and I swat the trunk of the guitar by hand, and not only the string but also the leather vibration sound starts an effect of the percussion instrument in the syllabic nasal of the samisen and says to a samisen, a koto with a "pickpocket hand" "pickpocket nail", and there is technique I rub against a string by a nail, and to start a tone of the sound effects called "the zoo". But a harpsichord, pianos are classified in a keyboard instrument not a stringed instrument generally. I am different from the wind instrument which pitch is decided on by a resonance body, and, by the stringed instrument, pitch is decided by the number of vibrations (frequency) of the string as the sound-producing object. Generally the vibration of the string is a non-linear phenomenon, but can be similar by the wave equation of the following one dimension by many stringed instruments enough. In addition, you must satisfy the following boundary condition because the both ends of the string are fixed by many stringed instruments. Generally, as for the solution of this partial differential equation, it is expressed It is a part of cos to appear as a sound among these solutions. This becomes the harmony among crowd of number of vibrations; a wave of n=1 is fundamental tone, n=2,3, wave is equivalent to the second harmonic overtone, the third harmonic overtone each. The ratio of these harmonic overtones becomes the element deciding the tone of the stringed instrument. The basic number of vibrations of the string is provided by the next expression. The number of vibrations should change these in this way because I change by the length of the string, the tension of the string, mass (the thickness of the string, the density of the string) per the unit length of the string to get a sound of plural height. Therefore the following device is considered to be it. Many stringed instruments change pitch by methods more than 1 from these. For example, with the electric guitar, I set up six strings of the different height and the preparation hits a performance in the device which is called a fingerboard and a fret to shorten the length to vibrate of the string more and changes the tension by (super, King) with a string aside. Because a string and a sound impedance matching of the air are bad by the stringed instrument, I tend to do only a dim sound only by the vibration of the string. A principle of so-called resonance to let you radiate in the air after another vibration body (a vibration version) which it depends on sound impedance of the air, and adjusted the vibration of the string once could stream down it to increase volume to hear is used. "A body" of most stringed instruments is a product "resonance body" to realize this resonance. The shape is big when I distribute it, but two kinds of the beginning are same topologically. I call the resonance body of the single board "a resonant board" like a piano. I consist of a plane surrounded with a curved surface and a curve the shape of the resonance body avoids scathing resonance at the specific frequency, and to let you sympathize by a wide range smoothly. For example, as for appearing, the one side is plane in a lute and oud, but another side is a hemisphere. There is rarely the contrabass that a ceiling is plane, but this is a trace of the viol genus, and most are curved surfaces now. The board of the front and back is plane with the guitar, but the side plate is a curved surface and plans dispersion of the resonance point by structure restraining vibration in the inside of the trunk partially more. Because the sound to rise from a resonance body is usual and occupies a big part of the volume of the musical instrument, the materials, dimensions, shape, finish, the condition of the joining with the other parts give sound quality big influence in a musical instrument. As for the materials of the resonance body, there are the moderate inside loss, the processing thing thing which a lot of, used the animal tanned leather in a part like a samisen which I expand, and did a sheet and the bricks of the tree in the shape of a board from easiness of, the durability, ease of the acquisition. As for the beginning of the resonance body, it is thought that it would be a drum.

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